| (Copyright 2020) by Gary C. Miller (Pocahontas, Arkansas) |
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| MATT. 26: NO foot washing (1). Betrayal:…v. 21: “…as they did eat…one of you shall betray me.” v. 23: “…He that dippeth…with me in the dish…” v. 25: “…Judas…is it I…Thou hast said.” (2). Bread:……v. 26: “…were eating…took bread,..blessed [gave thanks]…this is my body.” (3). Cup:………v. 27: “..took the cup…gave thanks..is my blood of the new [Vat. & Sin. omit]…” (4). Song:…….v. 30: “And when they had sung a hymn, they went…into the mount of Olives.” MARK 14: NO foot washing (1). Betrayal:..v. 18: “..as they…did eat…One of you…shall betray me.” v. 20: “…one that dippeth with me in the dish.” (2). Bread: ….v. 22: “…as they did eat…took bread…take eat: this is my body.” (3). Cup:……..v. 23: “And he took the cup,…and had given thanks…and they all drank of it.” v. 24: “…This is my blood of the new [Vat. & Sin. omit] Testament [covenant]…” (4). Song:……v. 26: “And when they had sung a hymn, they went…into the mount of Olives.” LUKE 22: NO foot washing (1). Cup:………v. 17: “…he took the cup…gave thanks.. divide among yourselves:” (2). Bread:……v. 19: “And he took the bread…gave thanks…This is my body…” v.20: *** This verse tends to indicate the cup FOLLOWED the bread: v. 20: “Likewise also the cup AFTER supper…This is the New Testament in my blood…” (RSV omits the last part of verse 19 and all of verse 20. RSV note: “Other ancient authorities add which is given for you. Do this remembrance of me.” 20 And likewise the cup after supper, saying, “This cup which is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood.”). Concordant NT says the Alexandrinus and Sinaiticus (the most complete and most perfect manuscript, p.21) both contain verse 20. Generally considered the oldest and most valuable codex, Vaticanus, DOES NOT CONTAIN THIS VERSE, and-except for the end of Hebrews, does not contain Paul’s epistles and the Apocalypse (p. 26). [See Conclusion reference to 1 Cor. 11:23-26: “..took bread (v.23)…After…the cup (v. 25) …”.] (3). Betrayal:..v. 21: “…him that betrayeth me is with me on the table.” ______________________________________________________________________________ JOHN 13: NO Cup or Bread (1). Foot Washing…v. 2: “…supper in progress [Vine’s; p. 199; “during supper” RSV]… the devil having…put into the heart of Judas…to betray him;” v. 4: “He riseth from supper…” v. 5: “…poureth water in a bason…began to wash the disciples’ feet.” v. 14, “…wash one another’s feet…” v. 15: “…do as I have done to you.” (2). Betrayal………..v. 21: “…one of you shall betray me.” v. 27: “after the sop Satan entered into him.” v. 30: “He then having received the sop went…out: and it was night.” CONCLUSION: The only fact common to all four accounts is the betrayal comment. This is a constant which helps weave together several other important facts of that fateful Passover night in 31 A.D. First, we know Luke says only [v. 21]: “…him that betrayeth me is with me on the table.” and nothing about dipping the sop. Too, note Matthew and Mark’s accounts show there would be a dipping of the sop, but not when it occurred in the sequence of events. Finally, John’s account only is left showing the order of the foot washing, the betrayal comment and dipping of the sop. John’s record clearly shows Yahshua’s betrayal statement followed the foot washing. It is equally certain the betrayal statement is immediately followed by the disciples’ concern over the traitor’s identity [Matt. 26:22; Mk. 14:19; Lk. 22:23]; leading to John asking Yahshua who he was (Jn. 13:25). Yahshua then answered and directly gave the sop to Judas (v. 26). Judas left promptly after receiving the sop and did not eat the blessed bread and wine (v. 27). There is no noticeable break in this series of events from the foot washing to Judas’ exit. Two accounts, possibly three, show the betrayal comment and the disciples’ query preceded the Bread and Cup [Matt. 26; Mark 14; Luke 22 (?)]. Two accounts [Matt. 26; Mark 14] record the taking of the Bread preceded the drinking the Cup of wine. The KJV translation of Luke 22:20 indicates a second reference to the cup, showing the bread preceded the cup (see reference above). This translation is consistent with Paul’s statements recorded in 1 Cor. 11: 23-26: “…Yahshua…took bread:…and said, Take, eat…this is my body…After the same manner also he took the cup…as often as you eat this bread, and drink this cup…” John’s account, which is undeniably true-of an unbroken series of events of the footwashing/betrayal sequence, with the other Gospel accounts, show the betrayal preceded eating the Bread and drinking the Wine. Together, they make clear the following must be the case: (1). The foot washing preceded the betrayal comment. [Jn 13:5] (2). Judas left before the bread and cup were given. [Jn.13:20] (3). The betrayal comment preceded the bread and cup. [Mat. 26:21, Mk. 14:18] (4). The bread preceded the cup. [Mat. 26:26, Mk. 14:22, Lk. 22:20 (?)] (5). Taking the cup was the last act of the Passover sequence except the song, his advice and later his prayer. [Matt. 26:30; Mk. 14:26] NOTE: Several Biblical examples show foot washing preceded a meal: Gen. 18:4: “…wash your feet and rest… (vv. 5-8): “…and they did eat…” Gen. 19:2: “…your feet…” (v.3): “…made them a feast, unleavened bread…” Gen. 24:32:” …water… .to wash your feet…” (v. 33): “…set meat…” (v. 54): “…they did eat.” Gen. 43:24: “…they washed their feet…for they heard…” (25)…they should eat bread…” Judges 19:21: “…they washed their feet and did eat…and drink…” Editor’s Note: Gary told me the above scriptures do not have anything to do with the gospel accounts of footwashing but that he inserted them to show that footwashing was generally done before a meal. Laura Lee SEQUENCE FOR PASSOVER NIGHT: FOOT WASHING BREAD WINE SONG ——————————————————————————————————- See Gary C. Miller’s other articles at: Miller, Gary C. – Church of God, Bismarck (church-of-god-bismarck.org) Reprinted with permission from: International Congregation of Yahweh http://www.icyahweh.org/ ——————————————————————————————————- |
| Iron Sharpening Iron In regard to: The Gospels’ Accounts of Events Passover Night Article by Gary C. Miller Comments by Laura Lee (Bismarck, North Dakota) |
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| The gospel accounts look like a tangled mess when you try to figure out who did what and when, but I believe that Gary untangled the sequence of events in regard to footwashing, the bread, the wine and the song. For over 20 years we have been doing the footwashing last, just before the song based on this set of scripture: Joh 13:2 And supper being ended, the devil having now put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, to betray him; Joh 13:3 Jesus knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he was come from God, and went to God; Joh 13:4 He riseth from supper, and laid aside his garments; and took a towel, and girded himself. (Old King James Bible) A more accurate rendering of verse 2 would be “as supper began” or “during supper”. Joh 13:2 During supper, the devil having already put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, to betray him, (World English Bible) Joh 13:2 While supper was proceeding, the Devil having by this time suggested to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, the thought of betraying Him, Jesus, (Weymouth) Joh 13:2 The evening meal was in progress, and the devil had already put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, that he should betray Jesus. (New English Translation) And there are others. Another way to untangle this is to understand that the books of John and Matthew will be more accurate as time lines go, as they were both at this meal, whereas Mark and Luke wrote their accounts based on what they received from others (perhaps from John and Matthew). Below are what the commentaries tell us about John 13:2 and most of them are in agreement. From Vincent’s Word Studies: John 13:2 Supper being ended (δείπνου γενομένου) The most approved reading is γινομένου, the present participle, denoting while a supper was in progress. Hence Rev., rightly, during supper. The A.V. is wrong, even if the reading of the Received Text be retained; for in Joh_13:12 Jesus reclined again, and in Joh_13:26, the supper is still in progress. It should be, supper having begun, or having been served. It is important to note the absence of the definite article: a supper, as distinguished from the feast, which also is designated by a different word. Robertson’s Word Pictures John 13:2 During supper (deipnou ginomenou). Correct text, present middle participle of ginomai (not genomenou, second aorist middle participle, “being ended”) genitive absolute. Joh_13:4 shows plainly that the meal was still going on. Jamieson-Fausset-Brown John 13:2 supper being ended — rather, “being prepared,” “being served,” or, “going on”; for that it was not “ended” is plain from Joh_13:26. George Haydock John 13:2 And when supper was done. By this we must not understand, that the supper was over; for we afterwards find that Jesus again sat down, and gave bread to the traitor. But these words only mean, that all had partook of refreshment, and might be therefore said to have supped. (St. Augustine, tract. 55. in Joan.) — He knew that he went out from God, and would return to God; but at the same time, he did not leave God, when he went out from him, nor us, when he returns to him. (St. Augustine, as above.) — And though he went out from God, and returns to him, yet here he condescends to perform the office, not of the Lord God of the universe, but of a man and a slave; (St. Augustine) and this, says St. John Chrysostom, (hom. lxix. in Joan.) that he might tread all pride under foot: doing every thing himself on this occasion, to teach us with what eagerness we ought to perform the duties of humility. Cambridge Bible supper being ended] There are two readings here, but neither of them means ‘being ended,’ moreover the supper is not ended (Joh_13:26). The common reading would mean ‘supper having begun,’ and the better reading, ‘when supper was at hand,’ or, ‘when supper was beginning.’ “It was the custom for slaves to wash the feet of the guests before sitting down to meat; and we are tempted to suppose that the symbolical act, which our Evangelist relates here, took the place of this custom.” S. p. 214. Adam Clarke John 13:2 And supper being ended – Rather, δειπνου γενομενου, while supper was preparing. To support this new translation of the words, it may be remarked that, from Joh_13:26, Joh_13:30, it appears that the supper was not then ended: nay, it is probable that it was not then begun; because the washing of feet (Joh_13:5) was usually practiced by the Jews before they entered upon their meals, as may be gathered from Luk_7:44, and from the reason of the custom. I think that John wrote, not γενομενου, but γινομενου, as in BL. Cant. and Origen, which latter reading is approved by several eminent critics, and should be translated as above. By the supper I suppose to be meant, not only the eating of it, but the preparing and dressing of it, and doing all things necessary previously to the eating of it. The devil had, before this time of the supper, put it into Judas’s heart to betray his Master. See Mat_26:14, etc.; Mar_14:10, Mar_14:11; and Luk_22:3, etc. See also Bishop Pearce, from whose judicious commentary the preceding notes are principally taken. Albert Barnes Supper being ended – This translation expresses too much. The original means while they were at supper; and that this is the meaning is clear from the fact that we find them still eating after this. The Arabic and Persic translations give it this meaning. The Latin Vulgate renders it like the English. Joseph Benson John 13:2 And supper being ended — Or, as δειπνου γενομενου should rather be translated, supper, or supper-time, being come, or, while they were at supper, as Dr. Campbell renders it. Thus, Joh_21:4, πρωιας γενομενης, when morning was come. Act_12:18; Act_16:35, ημερας γενομενης, when day was come; and Act_21:40, σιγης λενομενης, when silence was made: in all which places, and in many more, which might easily be collected from the Greek writers, it would be absurd to translate the word, ended. “When γενομενης,” says Dr. Campbell, “is joined with πρωιας, οψιας, ημερας, or with any term denoting a precise portion of time, it invariably signifies that the period denoted by the noun is begun, not ended.” E. W. Bullinger supper. The last supper recorded. See App-157. being ended. In view of Joh_13:26, Alford’s translation, “supper having been served, “is preferable to Authorized Version and Revised Version renderings. It means “supper being laid”. Washing would naturally precede the meal Compare Luk_7:44. I am generally not always a fan of commentaries because I think many of them go down rabbit trails which are not needed, but in this case some of them explain why it should be “beginning or during” instead of “after”. They also point out that there are verses clearly showing that the meal was not ended. So, with that said from here on out we have changed our timing of the footwashing from before the song to before the meal. When we are proven wrong, we will change, will you? |
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